Abstract
Spermogramma, Pap-test va qalqonsimon bez aspiratsion biopsiyasi zamonaviy klinik laborator va sitologik diagnostikaning muhim usullari hisoblanadi. Ushbu usullar reproduktiv va endokrin tizim kasalliklarini erta aniqlash, hujayra va to‘qima darajasidagi morfologik o‘zgarishlarni baholash hamda differensial tashxis qo‘yishda yuqori diagnostik ahamiyatga ega. Spermogramma erkaklarda fertilitetni baholashda asosiy usul bo‘lsa, Pap-test bachadon bo‘yni epiteliyidagi prekanseroz va malign o‘zgarishlarni skrining qilish imkonini beradi. Qalqonsimon bez aspiratsion biopsiyasi esa tireoid tugunlarning benign yoki malign xarakterini aniqlashda eng informativ usul hisoblanadi. Ushbu tezisda mazkur diagnostik usullarning imkoniyatlari va klinik ahamiyati yoritilgan.
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