Abstract
Ushbu maqolada nafas a’zolari — o‘pka va nafas yo‘llarining embrional hamda postnatal rivojlanishiga tashqi muhit omillarining ta’siri kompleks tarzda o‘rganilgan. Xususan, homiladorlik davrida chekish (nikotin va karbon monoksid ta’siri), gipoksiya, TORCH guruhiga kiruvchi infeksiyalar hamda ayrim teratogen dori vositalarining bronx-o‘pka tizimi morfogeneziga ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Ushbu omillar embrional davrda bronxial daraxtning tarmoqlanishi, alveolalar differensiyalanishi va surfaktant tizimining shakllanishiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqolada shuningdek, bu o‘zgarishlarning natijasi sifatida o‘pka gipoplaziyasi, nafas yetishmovchiligi, tug‘ma infeksion zararlanishlar va funksional buzilishlar rivojlanish mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Tashqi muhit omillarining homila rivojlanishiga ta’siri nafaqat anatomik, balki klinik jihatdan ham muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi ta’kidlangan. Profilaktik choralarning ahamiyati va homiladorlik davrida xavf omillarini kamaytirish zarurligi alohida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan
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