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Abstract
Communicable and noncommunicable diseases represent two broad, overlapping dimensions of modern public health. Communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents and can spread directly or indirectly between people, animals and the environment. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), in contrast, are generally long-lasting conditions influenced by gen etic, physiological, behavioural and environmental factors. Although the two groups are often discussed separately, real communities experience them together.
References
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3. World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. 2 October 2026.
4. World Health Organization. Preventing noncommunicable diseases. 2026.
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