CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MODERN MANAGEMENT
Keywords:
Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nephropathy, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Renal Failure, Dialysis, Proteinuria, Nephron LossAbstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible decline in renal function lasting longer than three months. It represents a major global health burden due to its association with cardiovascular morbidity, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and increased mortality. This study analyzes the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, complications, and current treatment approaches of CKD.
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