BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. It is a major global health problem affecting individuals of all age groups. This article explores the underlying pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, triggering factors, diagnostic approaches, and modern management strategies of bronchial asthma.
References
World Health Organization. Asthma Fact Sheets. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
(Provides global statistics, causes, and management guidelines for asthma.)
2. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention; 2024 Update.
(Standard international guideline for diagnosis and treatment of asthma.)
3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma.
(Detailed clinical recommendations and classification of asthma severity.)
4. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 24th Edition.
(Comprehensive explanation of pathophysiology and clinical features.)
5. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st Edition.
(In-depth discussion of asthma mechanisms and treatment.)
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asthma Data and Statistics.
(Epidemiology and public health impact of asthma.)
7. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. Articles on asthma pathogenesis and management.
