Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Facial nerve neuropathy associated with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) represents a clinically important peripheral neuropathy in which intratemporal inflammation, compression, ischemia, demyelination, and axonal injury may coexist. The neurological outcome is not determined by otological findings alone; it also depends on the severity of motor dysfunction, axonal preservation, denervation and reinnervation dynamics, brainstem reflex-arc integrity, and the biological intensity of chronic inflammation. This integrative review analyzes the prognostic significance of House Brackmann and Sunnybrook grading, electroneurography/electromyography, blink reflex parameters, temporal-bone disease characteristics, and inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP
References
1. House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93(2):146–147. doi:10.1177/019459988509300202.
2. Ross BG, Fradet G, Nedzelski JM. Development of a sensitive clinical facial grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;114(3):380–386. doi:10.1016/S0194 5998(96)70206-1.
3. Grosheva M, Wittekindt C, Guntinas-Lichius O. Prognostic value of electroneurography and electromyography in facial palsy. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(3):394–397. doi:10.1097/MLG.0b013e31815d8e68.
4. Ghonim MR, Gavilan C. Blink reflex: prognostic value in acute peripheral facial palsy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1990;52(2):75–79. doi:10.1159/000276109.
5. Yetiser S, Tosun F, Kazkayasi M. Facial nerve paralysis due to chronic otitis media. Otol Neurotol. 2002;23(4):580–588. doi:10.1097/00129492-200207000-00030.
