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Abstract
Mazkur maqolada bakterial genomlarning evolyutsion o‘zgarishida gorizontal gen transferining asosiy mexanizmlari — kon’yugatsiya, transformatsiya va transduksiyaning biologik hamda molekulyar ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Bakteriyalar orasida genetik materialning vertikal irsiylanishdan tashqari gorizontal yo‘l bilan almashinishi mikroorganizmlarning yangi fenotipik xususiyatlarni nisbatan qisqa vaqt ichida egallashiga imkon beradi. Kon’yugatsiya jarayonida genetik materialning, xususan, plazmidlarning bir bakterial hujayradan boshqasiga bevosita hujayralararo kontakt orqali o‘tishi; transformatsiyada tashqi muhitda mavjud bo‘lgan erkin DNK fragmentlarining kompetent hujayra tomonidan o‘zlashtirilishi; transduksiyada esa bakteriofaglar vositasida DNKning bir hujayradan ikkinchisiga ko‘chirilishi bakterial genom tarkibining dinamik ravishda qayta shakllanishiga sabab bo‘ladi.
References
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