Abstract
Грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД) могут проявляться различными способами, как типичными, так и атипичными. Проявления зависят от типа и размера грыжи. Желудочно-кишечные проявления являются наиболее распространенными, преимущественно с ГЭРБ (гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь) и связанными с ней синдромами. Типичная ГЭРБ проявляется изжогой и регургитацией как часть рефлюксного синдрома. Кроме того, ГЭРБ может проявляться как типичный синдром боли в груди, не связанный с сердечной этиологией. ГПОД, связанная с ГЭРБ, может проявляться повреждением слизистой оболочки пищевода в виде рефлюкс-эзофагита, стриктуры, пищевода Барретта и прогрессировать до злокачественных новообразований пищевода. Атипичные симптомы ГЭРБ, такие как кашель, ларингит, астма и эрозия зубов, могут существовать при хиатальных грыжах. Симптомы ГЭРБ чаще связаны с ГПОД 1 типа.
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