KORONAVIRUS KASALLIK PATOGENEZI VA LABALATOR DIAGNOSTIKASI
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, patogenez, ACE2 retseptori, TMPRSS2, spike oqsil, sitokin bo‘roni, ARDS, immun evaziya, long COVID, laborator diagnostika, RT-PCR, NAAT, antigen testi (RAT), serologik test (IgM/IgG), yallig‘lanish markerlari (D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, CRP), limfopeniya, POCT-qPCR, variantlar.Abstract
Koronavirus kasalligi (COVID-19) – SARS-CoV-2 beta-koronavirusi tomonidan keltirib chiqariladigan o‘tkir nafas yo‘llari infeksiyasi bo‘lib, 2019-yildan boshlab global pandemiya ko‘rinishida millionlab odamlarni yuqtirgan va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimiga jiddiy yuklama solgan. Ushbu maqola SARS-CoV-2 virusining patogenezi va laborator diagnostikasining zamonaviy ilmiy ma’lumotlarini chuqur tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Patogenez bo‘limida virusning tuzilishi (to‘rt asosiy oqsil: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) va nucleocapsid (N)), hujayraga kirish mexanizmi (ACE2 retseptori va TMPRSS2 proteaza orqali S1/S2 bo‘linishi), sitoplazmadagi replikatsiya jarayoni (RdRp fermenti ishtirokida), shuningdek, immun tizimning giperreaksiyasi – sitokin bo‘roni (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β va boshqa sitokinlarning haddan tashqari sekretsiyasi), endotelial disfunktsiya, mikrotrombozlar, o‘pka alveolalarida diffuz yallig‘lanish va ARDS (o‘tkir nafas yetishmovchiligi sindromi) rivojlanishi batafsil yoritiladi. Qo‘shimcha ravishda, virusning immun evaziyasi, variantlar (Omicron va boshqalar) ta’siri, to‘qimalarga bevosita zarar yetkazishi hamda uzoq muddatli asoratlar (long COVID) mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.
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