Keywords
Sol–gel synthesis
BET analysis
Mesoporous structure
Adsorption
How to Cite
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of silica gel under laboratory conditions using the sol–gel method based on sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), along with a comprehensive investigation of its physicochemical properties. The synthesis process included gel formation, aging, washing, and controlled drying under different regimes to evaluate their influence on the material characteristics.
Thermal behavior and stability of the obtained samples were analyzed using DTA–TGA methods. The results revealed that mass loss in the temperature range of 40–150 °C corresponds to the removal of physically adsorbed water. Sample 2.2 Y demonstrated a higher moisture adsorption capacity (14.49%) and more developed porous structure, whereas sample 2.1 Y exhibited superior thermal stability due to the presence of structurally bound hydroxyl groups.
BET analysis showed that the synthesized silica gel possesses a specific surface area of 203.7 m²/g and a total pore volume of 0.21 cm³/g. The pore size distribution is predominantly within the range of 1.7–2.0 nm, indicating a mesoporous structure. Additionally, the presence of micropores was confirmed by t-method and HK analysis, contributing to enhanced adsorption propertiesThe obtained results demonstrate that the synthesized silica gel has a well-developed porous structure and can be effectively applied as an adsorbent and desiccant material in various industrial processes.
References
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